Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive a child after at least one year of trying. It can affect both men and women and can be caused by a variety of factors. In women, common causes of infertility include: 1. Ovulation disorders: When the ovaries do not release an egg regularly, it can make it difficult for a woman to conceive. 2. Endometriosis: A condition where the tissue that normally lines the uterus grows outside of it, causing inflammation and scarring that can affect fertility. 3. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): A hormonal disorder that causes cysts to form on the ovaries, which can interfere with ovulation. 4. Age: As a woman gets older, the number and quality of her eggs decrease, making it harder to conceive. 5. Fallopian tube damage: Damage to the fallopian tubes, which transport the eggs from the ovaries to the uterus, can prevent fertilization or implantation of a fertilized egg. In men, common causes of infertility include: 1. Low sperm count or poor sperm motility: Low sperm count or poor sperm motility can make it difficult for sperm to reach and fertilize an egg. 2. Varicocele: A swelling of the veins that drain the testicle, which can affect sperm production. 3. Hormonal imbalances: Imbalances in hormones such as testosterone, thyroid hormone, or prolactin can affect sperm production. 4. Blockages: Blockages in the tubes that carry sperm can prevent it from reaching the semen. 5. Age: As men age, their sperm count and quality may decline, making it harder to conceive. Other factors that can affect fertility in both men and women include obesity, stress, smoking, and certain medical conditions such as diabetes or autoimmune disorders. Treatment for infertility depends on the underlying cause and can range from medications to surgery to assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). Tags : Fertility doctor, South Mumbai, Lalbaug , Parel, Tardeo, Saifee, Wockhardt, Best Gynaecologist